Colons
Two dots that promise more: lists, explanations, and the rule for what comes before them.
The answer
A colon (:) introduces something the first part of the sentence has set up, such as a list, an explanation or an example.
Examples
You will need three things: a pencil, a ruler and a rubber.
Introducing a list.
Mia was delighted: she had won the race.
Introducing an explanation.
There was only one problem: the door was locked.
The recipe needs these fruits: apples, pears and plums.
How to spot it
- The part before a colon is a main clause that could stand as a sentence on its own.
- What comes after it explains, lists or gives the example the first part promised.
- Try saying ‘and here it is’ or ‘because’ where the colon is. If that fits, a colon probably works.
The common mistake
Putting a colon after words that cannot finish a sentence.
‘We need: eggs, flour and milk’ is wrong, because ‘We need’ is not complete. Write ‘We need three things: eggs, flour and milk.’
When it is taught
- First met
- Year 6
- On the pupil word list
- Year 6, as “colon”
Year 6 uses the colon to introduce a list and to mark the boundary between main clauses.
Try a question
Where should the colon go?
Pack the following for camp a torch, a sleeping bag and warm socks.
Show the answer
Answer: Pack the following for camp: a torch, a sleeping bag and warm socks.
The first part is a complete sentence that sets up the list, so the colon goes straight after camp.
Related terms
- Practise the 11+ skill: Use a colon
More grammar terms
Questions parents ask
Does the word after a colon need a capital letter?
Not in British English, unless it is a proper noun or the word I.
What is the difference between a colon and a semi-colon?
A colon introduces something the first part promised (a list, a reason). A semi-colon joins two equal, closely linked main clauses.
Can a colon introduce bullet points?
Yes. Year 6 also learns to punctuate bullet points, and a colon often introduces them.
Grammar turns up in 11+ English too
Many 11+ English papers include grammar and punctuation questions alongside comprehension. The free diagnostic checks maths, English and both kinds of reasoning, and shows what to practise next. No card is required.